Single-mode fiber (SMF) has a smaller core (9μm) and supports only one light mode, making it ideal for long-distance, high-bandwidth transmission. Multi-mode fiber (MMF) has a larger core (50/62.5μm), supports multiple light modes, is suitable for short-distance applications, and offers lower cost.

Insertion Loss is the power loss of an optical signal after passing through a connector or patch cord; lower values are better, typically requiring ≤0.3dB. Return Loss is the ratio of reflected optical power to incident optical power; higher values are better, typically requiring ≥45dB (UPC) or ≥60dB (APC).

When selecting a fiber optic patch cord, consider: 1) Fiber type (single-mode/multi-mode); 2) Connector type (LC/SC/FC/ST, etc.); 3) End-face polish (UPC/APC); 4) Cord length; 5) Jacket material (PVC/LSZH); 6) Application environment (indoor/outdoor).

The PLC splitter uses planar waveguide technology, offering a compact size, high stability, and a wide operating wavelength range (1260-165 nm), making it ideal for PON networks. The FBT splitter employs fused biconical taper technology; while cost-effective, it has inferior thermal performance and is suited for specific wavelength applications.

Fiber Optic Connector Cleaning Steps: 1) Use a dedicated fiber cleaning pen or lint-free wipes; 2) Wipe the endface in one direction only—do not rub back and forth; 3) Inspect the cleaning result with a fiber microscope; 4) Avoid touching the endface with bare hands; 5) Replace the dust cap when not in use.

Fiber Optic Cabling Best Practices: 1) Minimum bend radius ≥ 15 times the cable outer diameter; 2) Avoid excessive pulling—tension must not exceed the rated limit; 3) Prevent crushing by sharp objects; 4) Implement clear labeling; 5) Allow adequate slack; 6) Apply proper protective measures.